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๐“๐ก๐ž ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐“๐š๐ฑ ๐€๐œ๐ญ๐ฌ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐“๐š๐ฑ ๐ˆ๐ƒ โ€“ ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐˜๐จ๐ฎ ๐๐ž๐ž๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐Š๐ง๐จ๐ฐ

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The Nigeria Tax Administration Act (NTAA) mandates the use of Tax Identification Numbers (Tax ID) for certain transactions. Understandably, many Nigerians have questions about what this means for banking, businesses, and everyday life.ย 

 

This FAQ provides answers, clarifies misconceptions, and highlights the safeguards in place to protect citizens while ensuring a fairer, more transparent tax system.

 

๐…๐ซ๐ž๐ช๐ฎ๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐€๐ฌ๐ค๐ž๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ž๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ

 

๐‘ธ1. ๐‘ฐ๐’” ๐’Š๐’• ๐’•๐’“๐’–๐’† ๐’•๐’‰๐’‚๐’• ๐’†๐’—๐’†๐’“๐’š๐’๐’๐’† ๐’Ž๐’–๐’”๐’• ๐’๐’ƒ๐’•๐’‚๐’Š๐’ ๐’‚ ๐‘ป๐’‚๐’™ ๐‘ฐ๐‘ซ ๐’ƒ๐’†๐’‡๐’๐’“๐’† ๐’๐’‘๐’†๐’๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’๐’“ ๐’„๐’๐’๐’•๐’Š๐’๐’–๐’Š๐’๐’ˆ ๐’•๐’ ๐’๐’‘๐’†๐’“๐’‚๐’•๐’† ๐’‚ ๐’ƒ๐’‚๐’๐’Œ ๐’‚๐’„๐’„๐’๐’–๐’๐’•?

A1. Yes, but with some clarifications. Section 4 of the NTAA requires all taxable persons to register with the tax authority and obtain a Tax ID. A โ€œtaxable personโ€ is someone who carries on trade, business, or other economic activity to earn income. Banks and other financial institutions are required to request a Tax ID from taxable persons. Individuals who do not earn income and are not taxable persons are not required to obtain a Tax ID.

 

๐‘ธ2. ๐‘ฐ๐’” ๐’•๐’‰๐’Š๐’” ๐’“๐’†๐’’๐’–๐’Š๐’“๐’†๐’Ž๐’†๐’๐’• ๐’๐’†๐’˜?

A2. No. This is not a new policy. It has been in place since the Finance Act, 2019, which amended section 49 of the Personal Income Tax Act. Since January 2020, individuals opening a business account have been required to provide a Tax Identification Number (TIN). The NTAA only strengthens and harmonises this requirement.

 

๐‘ธ3. ๐‘พ๐’‰๐’š ๐’…๐’๐’†๐’” ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’๐’†๐’˜ ๐’๐’‚๐’˜ ๐’”๐’‚๐’š โ€œ๐‘ป๐’‚๐’™ ๐‘ฐ๐‘ซโ€ ๐’Š๐’๐’”๐’•๐’†๐’‚๐’… ๐’๐’‡ ๐‘ป๐‘ฐ๐‘ต?

A3. โ€œTax IDโ€ is a term that unifies the different TINs issued by the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), Joint Tax Board (JTB), and State IRS. Ultimately, your NIN (for individuals) and CAC RC number (for companies) will serve as your Tax ID, reducing duplication and simplifying compliance.

 

๐‘ธ4. ๐‘ฐ๐’‡ ๐‘ฐ ๐’‚๐’๐’“๐’†๐’‚๐’…๐’š ๐’‰๐’‚๐’—๐’† ๐’‚ ๐‘ป๐‘ฐ๐‘ต, ๐’…๐’ ๐‘ฐ ๐’๐’†๐’†๐’… ๐’‚ ๐’๐’†๐’˜ ๐‘ป๐’‚๐’™ ๐‘ฐ๐‘ซ?

A4. No. Your existing TIN remains valid. If you already have one, you do not need to register again. For those without a TIN, you will need your NIN (individuals) or CAC registration documents (companies) to process your Tax ID.

 

๐‘ธ5. ๐‘พ๐’Š๐’๐’ ๐‘ฐ ๐’๐’†๐’†๐’… ๐’•๐’ ๐’’๐’–๐’†๐’–๐’† ๐’‡๐’๐’“ ๐’ƒ๐’Š๐’๐’Ž๐’†๐’•๐’“๐’Š๐’„๐’” ๐’•๐’ ๐’๐’ƒ๐’•๐’‚๐’Š๐’ ๐’‚ ๐‘ป๐’‚๐’™ ๐‘ฐ๐‘ซ ๐’„๐’‚๐’“๐’…?

A5. No. The Tax ID is simply a unique number linked to your identity, not necessarily a physical card. To obtain it, you can visit the nearest FIRS, State IRS, or JTB office, or apply online via their official websites. It is free of charge. Please do not patronise touts or unofficial agents.

 

๐‘ธ6. ๐‘ซ๐’๐’†๐’” ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐‘ป๐’‚๐’™ ๐‘ฐ๐‘ซ ๐’“๐’†๐’’๐’–๐’Š๐’“๐’†๐’Ž๐’†๐’๐’• ๐’‚๐’๐’”๐’ ๐’‚๐’‘๐’‘๐’๐’š ๐’•๐’ ๐’ƒ๐’–๐’”๐’Š๐’๐’†๐’”๐’”๐’†๐’”?

A6. Yes. For unincorporated businesses, your personal TIN/Tax ID is sufficient. For companies, NGOs, incorporated trustees, and other registered entities, a TIN will be automatically generated with your CAC registration details. If your business was registered without a TIN in the past, simply visit the FIRS or apply online with your CAC documents to get one.

 

๐‘ธ7. ๐‘พ๐’‰๐’‚๐’• ๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’๐’–๐’• ๐‘ต๐’Š๐’ˆ๐’†๐’“๐’Š๐’‚๐’๐’” ๐’Š๐’ ๐’•๐’‰๐’† ๐’…๐’Š๐’‚๐’”๐’‘๐’๐’“๐’‚?

A7. Nigerians abroad can obtain a Tax ID using their NIN for banking or investment purposes in Nigeria. A simplified process has been introduced for diaspora Nigerians. Visit the NIMC website for details.

 

๐‘ธ8. ๐‘ซ๐’ ๐’‡๐’๐’“๐’†๐’Š๐’ˆ๐’ ๐’„๐’๐’Ž๐’‘๐’‚๐’๐’Š๐’†๐’” ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐’๐’๐’-๐’“๐’†๐’”๐’Š๐’…๐’†๐’๐’• ๐’†๐’๐’•๐’Š๐’•๐’Š๐’†๐’” ๐’๐’†๐’†๐’… ๐’‚ ๐‘ป๐’‚๐’™ ๐‘ฐ๐‘ซ?

A8. Yes, if they do business in Nigeria. A non-resident company supplying goods or services to Nigerian customers must register for a Tax ID. However, those earning only passive income (dividends, interest, royalties, rent) may not need to register, though they must provide relevant information. A company registered abroad but effectively managed or controlled in Nigeria is treated as resident and must comply.

 

๐‘ธ9. ๐‘จ๐’“๐’† ๐’ˆ๐’๐’—๐’†๐’“๐’๐’Ž๐’†๐’๐’•-๐’๐’˜๐’๐’†๐’… ๐’†๐’๐’•๐’†๐’“๐’‘๐’“๐’Š๐’”๐’†๐’” ๐’‚๐’๐’… ๐’‚๐’ˆ๐’†๐’๐’„๐’Š๐’†๐’” ๐’†๐’™๐’†๐’Ž๐’‘๐’•?

A9. No. Section 5 of the NTAA requires all ministries, departments, agencies, and government-owned enterprises (federal, state, or local) to register for tax and obtain a Tax ID.

 

๐‘ธ10. ๐‘พ๐’‰๐’‚๐’• ๐’‰๐’‚๐’‘๐’‘๐’†๐’๐’” ๐’Š๐’‡ ๐’‚ ๐’•๐’‚๐’™๐’‚๐’ƒ๐’๐’† ๐’‘๐’†๐’“๐’”๐’๐’ ๐’…๐’๐’†๐’” ๐’๐’๐’• ๐’“๐’†๐’ˆ๐’Š๐’”๐’•๐’†๐’“ ๐’ƒ๐’š 1 ๐‘ฑ๐’‚๐’๐’–๐’‚๐’“๐’š 2026?

A10. Without a Tax ID, a taxable person may not be able to operate bank accounts, insurance policies, pension accounts, or investment accounts. Sanctions also apply under the NTAA. However, individuals who are not taxable persons are not required to obtain a Tax ID.

 

๐‘ธ11. ๐‘ฏ๐’๐’˜ ๐’˜๐’Š๐’๐’ ๐’•๐’‰๐’Š๐’” ๐’ƒ๐’†๐’๐’†๐’‡๐’Š๐’• ๐’๐’“๐’…๐’Š๐’๐’‚๐’“๐’š ๐‘ต๐’Š๐’ˆ๐’†๐’“๐’Š๐’‚๐’๐’”?

A11.ย  The aim is to simplify identification, reduce duplication, and close loopholes that allow tax evasion. For most individuals and businesses, their NIN or CAC RC number will serve as their Tax ID with no extra paperwork. This ensures fairness so that everyone who earns taxable income contributes their share while protecting low-income citizens who are not taxable.

 

 

โ€” ๐˜—๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜—๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜บ & ๐˜›๐˜ข๐˜น ๐˜™๐˜ฆ๐˜ง๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฎ๐˜ด ๐˜Š๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฎ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ

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CBN Considers Single Regulatory Window To Unlock Fintech Growth

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The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is looking at regulatory reforms aimed at easing compliance burdens on fintech firms, supporting regional expansion, and deepening financial inclusion, as pressure mounts on operators grappling with rising costs and delayed approvals.

 

In its 2025 Fintech Report, the apex bank disclosed plans to operationalise a Single Regulatory Window to streamline licensing and supervisory processes across multiple agencies, a move expected to significantly reduce time-to-market for new digital financial products.

According to the report, 62.5 per cent of fintech firms surveyed said regulatory timelines materially affect product rollouts, while over one-third noted that it takes more than 12 months to bring a new product to market, largely due to compliance bottlenecks.

โ€œStakeholders cited delays in approvals and ambiguity in regulatory guidelines as their most pressing concerns,โ€ the report stated, adding that these challenges continue to inflate costs and slow innovation across the ecosystem.

The CBN report acknowledged that compliance costs remain a major drag on fintech growth, with 87.5 per cent of respondents reporting that the cost of meeting regulatory and risk requirements significantly impacts their capacity to innovate.

โ€œThese obligations stem from internationally benchmarked AML, cybersecurity and risk management frameworks,โ€ the report said, noting that while the rules are necessary to protect system integrity, they have placed disproportionate strain on smaller and fast scaling firms.
To address this, the apex bank said it is considering shared regulatory infrastructure, including a Compliance-as-a-Service model, which would reduce duplicative reporting, ease the burden on regulated fintechs, and enhance supervisory visibility.
The report cited as potential pathways,โ€ establishing a permanent CBNโ€“Fintech Engagement Forum to enable candid and constructive dialogue as well as timely coordination on market developments, innovation pilots, and supervisory concerns.

โ€œExploring models for a Single Regulatory Window to simplify multi-agency compliance processes and reduce time-to-marketโ€ as well as โ€œreviewing approval timelines and operational guidelines to address industry feedback on delays and ambiguity.โ€

It would be recalled that at the last World Bank/ International Monetary Fund (IMF) annual meetings in Washington, DC, Last October, the CBN governor, Olayemi Cardoso, had meet with operators and stakeholders in the Nigerian fintech space behind closed doors in a no holds barred session to ensure that they are fully and formally incorporated within the Nigerian financial regulatory framework.

Beyond domestic regulation, the CBN revealed that it is exploring regulatory passport arrangements to support cross-border expansion, as Nigerian fintech firms increasingly look beyond the country for scale.

The report showed that 62.5 per cent of surveyed fintechs currently operate or plan to expand into other African markets, with strong support for mutual recognition of licences among peer regulators.

โ€œStakeholders proposed piloting this model with peer regulators in Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda and Senegal,โ€ the report said, describing bilateral pilots as a more realistic short term pathway to regional integration.

On digital assets, the CBN signalled a shift towards a more nuanced regulatory framework for cryptocurrency, balancing innovation with financial integrity rather than imposing blanket restrictions.

The fintechs surveyed also acknowledged cryptoโ€™s potential to drive cost-effective cross-border transactions and strengthen remittance channels, while also warning of risks linked to illicit flows and consumer protection.

โ€œThere was broad agreement on the need for a risk-based, activity-focused regulatory framework,โ€ the report stated, adding that regulators must avoid equating all crypto activity with criminality, especially as many scams originate offshore.

The report further highlighted growing pressure to revisit the operational scope of Payment Service Banks, particularly restrictions that prevent them from extending credit, despite their reach into underserved communities.

Stakeholders urged the CBN to either review the PSB framework or introduce a dedicated digital banking licence that would enable inclusive lending under stronger prudential oversight.

โ€œA dedicated digital bank licence may be a more effective pathway for inclusive lending than expanding the PSB mandate,โ€ the report noted, while stressing the need for close coordination between the CBN and the Nigerian Communications Commission.

In the foreword, the CBN Governor said the central bank is committed to fostering innovation without compromising financial stability. โ€œFor the CBN, innovation is a strategic imperative. We are committed to creating an environment where new ideas can flourish under prudent oversight, and where inclusion is at the heart of our endeavours.โ€

He added that fintech must help deliver financial services to the last mile, โ€œfrom the bustling cities to the rural villages, so that no Nigerian is left behind in the digital economy.โ€

The central bank said it will continue to collaborate closely with industry stakeholders as it refines policies aimed at positioning Nigeria not just as a fintech frontrunner, but as a regulatory reference point for emerging markets globally.

 

-Leadership

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UAC Records N343.4bn Revenue Surge On Successful Acquisition Of CHI

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UAC of Nigeria Plc has announced its unaudited financial results for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2025.

The firm recorded a 74 per cent increase in revenue to N343.4 billion, following the successful completion of its transformational acquisition of CHI Limited alongside continued contributions from the Groupโ€™s core operating businesses.

The 2025 financial year marked a strategic inflexion point for the Group, characterised by significant scale expansion, entry into large consumer growth categories, and strong underlying earnings momentum, albeit alongside N21.2 billion in one-off acquisition-related costs. Excluding these non-recurring costs, underlying profit before tax rose by 76 per cent year-on-year to N28.7 billion, underscoring the strength of the Groupโ€™s core operating performance.

In the fourth quarter alone, the inclusion of three monthsโ€™ performance from CHI Limited drove a 62 per cent year-on-year increase in revenue to N183.8 billion, providing early evidence of the earnings potential of the expanded portfolio.

Operating profit stood at N8.2 billion, down from N12.2 billion in Q4 2024, reflecting the impact of one-off transaction costs related to the acquisition of CHI Limited.

Excluding these one-off costs, operating profit surged to N20.3 billion, representing a 66 per cent year-on-year increase.

The acquisition of CHI Limited has significantly broadened UACโ€™s operating base, adding leading consumer brands such as Chivita, Hollandia, and Capri-Sun, while SuperBite and Beefie have further strengthened the Groupโ€™s snacks portfolio. The transaction has also deepened leadership and operational capacity across the Group.

Speaking on the results, group managing director, UACN, Fola Aiyesimoju, said, โ€œ2025 was a pivotal year for UAC. The completion of the acquisition of C.H.I. Limited significantly increased the scale of our Group, with revenue reaching N343 billion, a 74 per cent increase compared to 2024.

โ€œWhile Group profitability was impacted by N21 billion one-off acquisition costs, our underlying performance was strong, with profit before exceptional items rising by 76 per cent to N29 billion, from N16 billion in 2024. With the acquisition completed, our focus is on executing our value creation plan, prioritising margin recovery and working capital optimisation, to deliver stakeholder value consistent with our growth strategy.โ€

Segment performance reflected a mix of consolidation gains and macroeconomic headwinds. The Packaged Food and Beverages segment emerged as the Groupโ€™s largest contributor following the inclusion of CHI Limited, delivering N204.5 billion in full-year revenue.

The Paints segment also delivered another year of steady growth, supported by increased demand for premium products and improved product mix.

In the Edibles and Feeds segment, operating conditions remained challenging due to declining agricultural commodity prices. During the fourth quarter, the segment recognised an inventory write-down of N4.1 billion to net realisable value, a prudent measure that strengthens balance sheet resilience and supports improved margin performance going forward.

Beyond its operating subsidiaries, UAC also benefited from improved contributions from associate companies, supported by sales of non-core property assets at MDS Logistics Limited.

Looking ahead, UACN stated that it entered 2026 with a strengthened portfolio, improved earnings base, and a clear execution agenda, positioning the Group to unlock value from its expanded portfolio and deliver consistent long-term shareholder value.

 

-Leadership

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Federal Govโ€™t Generates N16.2bn Revenue After Data Privacy Reforms

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The National Commissioner of the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC), Dr Vincent Olatunji, has stated that Data protection-related activities have generated over N16.2 billion for the Nigerian economy, creating employment opportunities for Nigerians in the digital ecosystem.

 

Speaking at a media training workshop in Lagos on the backdrop of the National Privacy Week 2026 โ€œPrivacy in the Era of Emerging Technologies: Trust, Ethics and Innovationsโ€ Dr Olatunji stated that this significant revenue is supplemented by additional income from licensing and penalties, describing privacy as a strategic confidence-building tool that will drive Nigeriaโ€™s digital transformation and attract investment.

He declared data privacy a fundamental human right and a critical pillar for trust, equity and freedom in Nigeriaโ€™s fast-growing digital economy, noting that the rapid adoption of telecommunications, artificial intelligence, robotics and digital platforms makes privacy protection no longer optional, but essential for national development.

The NDPC boss stressed that journalists must first understand the subject deeply before driving public awareness, emphasising that responsible reporting is key to building confidence in digital systems and protecting citizensโ€™ rights.

 

He, however, traced the evolution of Nigeriaโ€™s data protection framework from the launch of the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (NDPR) in 2019 to the establishment of the NDPC with full legal authority. He explained that the commission is driven by strategic pillars of awareness, human capital development, cooperation, technology-driven systems, strong governance, and sustainable funding.

According to him, these reforms have transformed the sector, growing the number of licensed Data Protection Officers from zero to over 7,000, with more than 23,000 professionals now working across the countryโ€™s data privacy ecosystem, supported by local certification programmes and a Virtual Privacy Academy.

 

He added that compliance in the public sector has improved significantly from an initial four per cent, as sector regulators now lead data protection efforts across their industries.

 

Olatunji stated that on the global stage, Nigeria is working with more than 40 countries and international data protection bodies, while NDPC is an active member of the Network of African Data Protection Authorities (NAPA), and a recent recipient of the Picasso Award as Africaโ€™s most outstanding data protection authority.

Commenting, legal expert Barr. Alex Onwe, in a comprehensive overview of the Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDPA) 2023, asserted that the new law establishes a critical framework for safeguarding personal information in the digital age.

 

Onwe stated, โ€œThe foremost object of the NDPA is to safeguard the rights and freedoms of data subjects, as guaranteed under the Constitutionโ€

 

While highlighting the lawโ€™s foundation in fundamental human rights, with its application extending to any entity processing the data of individuals in Nigeria, regardless of where the organisation is domiciled.

 

Barr. Onwe detailed the core principles organisations must follow, including lawful processing and stringent security measures, warning of severe penalties for non-compliance, including fines of up to two per cent of annual revenue.

 

He urged organisations to develop data privacy policies and ensure rigorous staff training. While adding that proactive adherence is not just a legal duty but essential for building trust, as the NDPC is empowered to enforce the Act through investigations, orders, and substantial penalties.

 

-Leadership

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